Pugs remain one of the most beloved dog breeds, but veterinary experts are encouraging prospective pet owners to consider crossbreeds like Jugs and Puggles for a much healthier companion.
Healthier Alternatives with the Same Great Temperament
According to a new study led by researchers at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) in the UK, crossbreeds—specifically the Jug (Pug crossed with a Jack Russell Terrier) and the Puggle (Pug crossed with a Beagle)—retain the lovable personality and strong owner bond of purebred Pugs while suffering from only a fraction of their health issues.
The study assessed 150 pet Pugs and Pug-crossbreeds, examining respiratory, eye, dental, skin, and neurological health, while also gathering owner feedback regarding pet behavior, quality of life, and ongoing medical costs.
Severe Breathing Complications in Purebreds
Flat-faced (brachycephalic) breeds are prone to Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), a distressing condition caused by flattened snouts and shortened skulls that leads to severe breathing difficulties, inability to exercise, and heat intolerance.
The study revealed that nearly half of purebred Pugs suffered from severe airway disease. In stark contrast, all Jugs and all but one Puggle in the study were completely unaffected by severe BOAS. Over 51 percent of purebred Pug owners reported issues with breathing, exercise, or heat regulation, compared to just 2 percent of Jug owners and 4.2 percent of Puggle owners.
Additionally, purebred Pugs experienced higher rates of eye, orthopaedic, and neurological abnormalities. These frequent medical issues resulted in significantly higher veterinary expenses—averaging around £45 per month for Pugs compared to just £10 per month for Jugs and Puggles.
Moving Away from Breed Purity for Canine Welfare
Despite the drastic health differences, behavior profiles and owner-dog relationship scores were virtually identical across purebred and crossbred dogs, proving that owners do not need to trade health for a devoted, affectionate pet.
Elizabeth Youens, lead author of the study, highlighted that purposeful crossbreeding away from extreme physical conformations provides a practical solution to dramatically boost canine welfare.
Senior author Dr. Rowena Packer added that shedding the restrictions of breed purity offers an effective pathway to breeding naturally healthier dogs, urging kennel clubs and breeders worldwide to adopt carefully managed crossbreeding programs.